Now that single-molecule detection was no longer necessary, Solexa was able to develop its signature sequencing chemistry. The process takes place on a chip called a flow cell, which contains a lawn of short DNA sequences affixed to its surface. The template DNA is broken up into small fragments, and adapter sequences, complementary to the DNA on the flow cell’s surface, are added to the ends of each fragment. DNA fragments are then passed over the flow cell, where the adapter sequences bind to spots on the DNA lawn. At this point, primers are added, and an initial round of amplification takes place: the short DNA sequences on the flow cell are extended to create sequences complementary to the bound template DNA fragments, which are then washed away. The sequences present in the fragments of template DNA are now affixed directly to the flow cell.
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